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Roman Numerals Quick Reference
Seven Basic Symbols
I
1
V
5
X
10
L
50
C
100
D
500
M
1000
Essential Rules
Addition:
Larger symbol before smaller = add values (VI = 5+1 = 6)
Subtraction:
Smaller before larger = subtract (IV = 5-1 = 4)
Repetition:
Symbols can repeat max 3 times (III = 3, XXX = 30)
Subtraction limit:
Only I, X, C can subtract (I before V/X, X before L/C, C before D/M)
No zero:
Roman numerals cannot represent 0, negatives, or decimals
Common Combinations (1-100)
1
I
2
II
3
III
4
IV
5
V
6
VI
7
VII
8
VIII
9
IX
10
X
20
XX
30
XXX
40
XL
50
L
60
LX
70
LXX
80
LXXX
90
XC
100
C
200
CC
400
CD
500
D
900
CM
1000
M
Conversion Examples
19 = XIX
→ 10 + 9 = X + IX
44 = XLIV
→ 40 + 4 = XL + IV
99 = XCIX
→ 90 + 9 = XC + IX
444 = CDXLIV
→ CD + XL + IV
1984 = MCMLXXXIV
→ M + CM + LXXX + IV
2024 = MMXXIV
→ MM + XX + IV